平周 (Pingzhou)

平周县战国时期最早为魏国所置。《史记.魏世家》记录，襄王“十三年张仪相魏。…秦取我曲沃、平周”。战国晚期赵国铸有“平州”字样尖足布，可能也曾短暂占据平周。关于平州地望有两说。 介休：唐宋以来平周地望被定在山西介休县西。《史记.魏世家》正义引《十三州志》说：“古平周县在汾州介休县西五十里也。” 米脂：吴镇烽列举1978年陕西米脂县官庄发掘的牛季平墓画像石题记，“永和四年九月十日癸酉，河内山阳尉西河平周寿贵里牛季平造作千万岁室宅“，说明东汉时期平周县应在今天米脂一带。东汉末年匈奴侵占西河，平周县从河西迁到河东。孝义县的平周可能是汉末三国混乱时内迁至此。 平周地望以吴镇烽说法为准。地点暂定为米脂县官庄。

Pingzhou was first set by Wei in the Warring States period. In Shiji, Qin took over Quwo and Pingzhou in the 13th year of King Xiang's reign. Zhao issued the pointed-tip spades with Pingzhou inscription, implying that Zhao also shortly controlled Pingzhou. Based on the transmitted texts written in the Tang Dynasty, Pingzhou was located in the west of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province. However, in recent years, Wu Zhenfeng challenged this argument based on excavated texts. The inscriptions on the pictorial stones from the Niu Jiping tomb at Guanzhuang,Mizhi, indicate that Pingzhou is located nearby. On the guiyou day, the tenth day of the ninth month in the fourth year of Yonghe, Niu Jiping of Shougui Ward, Pingzhou, Xihe, serving as commandant of Shanyang in Henei, made this chamber-house for ten thousand myriad years. In the Late Eastern Han Dynasty, the invasion of the Xiongnu might have caused the relocation of the Pingzhou County. I locate Pingzhou at Guanzhuang.